What cancer causing chemicals are in yerba mate?
The tea contains PAH, a known carcinogen also found in grilled meat and tobacco smoke. What studies have found to be the main cause of cancer regarding yerba mate is the temperature it’s consumed at – not the yerba mate itself. Consuming fluids at temperatures in the 158-185oF (70-85oC) range seem to increase the risk of esophageal cancer. Considering how much (1-3 liters a day) and how often (daily) the average South American drinks mate, it’s reasonable to see why esophageal cancer is a major health problem in Uruguay.
The way it is prepared and consumed can affect its cancer-causing potential. Factors such as the temperature of the water used and duration of steeping may influence this. Drinking very hot mate (149 F/ 65 C or hotter) is associated with higher cancer risk than drinking it at cooler temperatures. One explanation is that it contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are carcinogenic.
Temperature and Cancer Risk
Several studies found an association between mate temperature and cancer risks. Risk increased with duration, quantity, and temperature. The cancer most associated with hot mate was the esophagus.
While the leaves contain potential carcinogens, interpreting the evidence scientifically is crucial. Its mechanisms of cancer formation have been explored. Interactions between it and cancer risk factors can influence outcomes.
Some research links excessive consumption to increased cancer risk, like those of the esophagus and lungs.
Over 1-2 liters per day has been associated with side effects. High consumption may increase cancer risk. Moderation is recommended.
It is traditionally consumed from a container called a gourd and sipped with a metal straw that has a filter at its lower end to strain out the leaf fragments. Sharing it from this traditional gourd is said to be a sign of friendship and bonding. The leaves contain several beneficial plant nutrients, including:
- Xanthines – These compounds act as stimulants
- Antioxidants – They reduce oxidative stress and inflammation which can lead to organ damage and health complications
- Vitamin C
- B vitamins – They play an essential role in glucose metabolism, the nervous system, muscle and heart function.
In addition to giving a boost of energy, it is a good source of polyphenols. Polyphenols have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Antioxidants reduce free radicals in your body, inhibiting oxidative stress which makes it difficult for cells to repair themselves. This can lead to inflammation, organ damage, and health complications.
It provides an energy boost similar to coffee, but with less caffeine and more nutrients. It has adaptogenic properties, regulating the body’s systems. It is similar to nutrients found in tea that promote a sense of calm. It increases reliance on fat for fuel during exercise, improving muscle contractions, reducing fatigue and contributing to better physical performance.
It might offer better health benefits than green tea, but there are still unknowns. All the benefits and risks must be taken with a grain of salt until more studies are done. For now, drink it in moderation.