Does mate have toxins?
Mate is an herbal tea made from the leaves and twigs of the Ilex paraguariensis tree. It has been widely consumed in South America for centuries. Some research shows mate has health benefits like decreasing cholesterol, protecting the liver, stimulating the brain, and protecting the heart. However, mate may also have risks. Some studies link drinking very hot mate over time to increased risk of esophageal cancer. More research is needed to conclusively determine mate’s impact, especially for moderate and frequent drinkers.
Like coffee, mate contains caffeine and can cause side effects in some people, including headaches, anxiety, insomnia and increased blood pressure. The common preparation method of steeping dried leaves in hot water extracts caffeine and other compounds. Mate has a strong, bitter, vegetal taste that some people say requires acquiring.
Mate is often consumed in place of coffee or tea in countries like Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. It’s sometimes mixed with milk to soften the flavor. Bottled, cold mate drinks are also popular. Mate may have some diuretic and laxative effects due to compounds that stimulate the kidneys.
How much mate is safe per day?
Studies typically use a dose of 3 cups (330mL each) of mate a day, for up to 60 days. It’s safe to drink up to 1.5 liters of mate a day.
The recommended daily intake of mate varies based on individual factors. Moderate consumption of mate, up to 300 milligrams of caffeine per day, is generally safe for most healthy adults.
Excessive consumption of mate can lead to side effects such as insomnia, increased heart rate, digestive issues, disrupted nutrient absorption, and imbalance of gut bacteria. Excessive consumption of mate increases the risk of developing certain cancers, aggravates existing cardiovascular conditions, and irritates the digestive system.
One study published in the journal Cancer showed that hot mate increases the risk of cancer of the esophagus, larynx, and oral cavity. This seems to be supported by several epidemiological studies from a review of all literature published through August 2008.
Drinking very hot liquids can damage the upper digestive tract. Studies associate very hot food or drink with an increased risk of esophageal cancer.
Potential Health Benefits
Mate is particularly high in antioxidants. Research shows it is protective against Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. More research is needed on the brain benefits of mate.
Like coffee, mate’s caffeine content increases alertness and energy. For those with heart conditions, mate may increase risks of complications. Overall, daily mate consumption seems relatively safe for healthy adults when consumed in moderation at warm but not very hot temperatures. Those with health conditions should consult their doctor before regularly consuming mate.