Hot Mate and Cancer Risk
What studies have found is it’s the water temperature, not the drink itself. Consuming fluids at hot temperatures in the 158-185oF (70-85oC) range seem to increase the risk of esophageal cancer. Considering the high consumption (1-3 liters a day) and frequency (daily) in South America, esophageal cancer is a major health problem there.
Safety Considerations
The tea in pregnancy is possibly unsafe, as over 300 mg caffeine daily (around 6 cups) is linked with miscarriage and preterm labor risk. Safety during breastfeeding is unknown. If consuming the tea, consider reducing other cancer risk factors like stopping smoking.
An association between drinking very hot mate and esophageal cancer has been found. But to specifically point out the drink is difficult. A 2015 study found hot food consumption associated with increased esophageal cancer risk.
The carcinogenic mechanism linking mate to increased risk of certain cancers is unclear. Commercial brands contain high levels of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the traditional drying process.
Recommendations
Enjoy the South American tea in moderation. Although desired effects, it also has side effects from too much.
The drink’s caffeine content is higher than green, white or black teas but less than coffee. Many are surprised to learn how much caffeine it actually contains.
Is it FDA approved?
The South American tea is made from the leaves of Ilex paraguariensis. It contains caffeine and can provide an energy boost. However, research suggests drinking very hot mate or excessive amounts may increase cancer risk. More studies are needed to fully understand the health impacts.
Gut Health Effects
The South American drink has been consumed for centuries. It’s made by steeping leaves in hot water. The leaves are harvested, dried, and ground before brewing. The tea has naturally occurring caffeine similar to coffee and antioxidants like green tea. It also has mood-boosting effects like chocolate.
Drinking very hot mate may increase cancer risk. One explanation is it contains carcinogenic PAHs also found in tobacco smoke and grilled meat. The cancer association seems greater for people who smoke in combination with drinking mate. More research is needed to conclusively determine the impact.
For individuals with hypertension, heart disease, arrhythmias, or who are pregnant, the tea may increase complications like blood pressure and blood lipid levels due to its caffeine content. If you experience caffeine overdose symptoms, reduce intake. Overall, it appears relatively safe for healthy adults in moderation.
Comparison to Coffee
Health Benefits
Is it healthier than coffee?
The herbal tea contains caffeine and other beneficial compounds like antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. A cup typically has about 85 milligrams of caffeine, while coffee contains about 95 milligrams. This means the South American drink provides a more gentle, sustained energy boost compared to coffee.
The tea is less acidic than coffee, which can help prevent issues like acid reflux. The lower acidity also makes it easier on the digestive tract. Some studies show the anti-inflammatory antioxidants in it may help reduce risk of colon cancer and other diseases. The nutrients can also help boost bone density and immunity.
Conclusion
Both the South American tea and coffee offer potential health benefits, but the tea may be the healthier choice overall due its lower caffeine content, higher antioxidant levels, and reduced acidity. Those with caffeine sensitivity may tolerate it better. It is a viable coffee alternative that provides stimulating effects without significant risks.